Polyvagal Theory – the wisdom of the nervous system
The science of how the nervous system takes part in regulating emotions, relationships, and the sense of safety.
Why are we open and curious about the world in some situations, while in others we react with tension, anger, or withdrawal? Why do we sometimes connect with others easily, and at other times need to step back and be alone?
Polyvagal Theory helps us look at these experiences from the perspective of the autonomic nervous system — the part of our nervous system that regulates many processes in the body, largely outside our conscious control.
What is Polyvagal Theory?
Polyvagal Theory is a concept developed by the American psychophysiologist Prof. Stephen W. Porges. It was proposed in 1994, and its foundations were published in 1995.
It draws attention to the links between physiology, emotions, and social behaviour. It helps us look at how the body responds to challenges, stress, and signals from the environment, and how these responses may relate to our sense of safety and our ability to form relationships.
Why does this perspective matter?
Our reactions do not always start with a conscious thought. Sometimes we first feel tension, anxiety, or a need to withdraw, and only later understand what may have triggered it.
Looking at people through the lens of the nervous system encourages greater curiosity about our own reactions and a move away from quickly judging ourselves and others.
Instead of asking “Why do I react like this?”, we can begin to wonder: “What is influencing my reaction, and what do I need right now?”.
This perspective can help us better understand stress, emotions, and relationships — both in personal life and in working with people.
It is not about always being calm
Each of us experiences different states and reactions. Mobilisation can help us act, withdrawal can signal overload, and a sense of safety can foster connection and flexible thinking.
The goal is not to stay in one ideal state, but to better understand ourselves and develop the ability to respond in ways that fit the situation.
Polyvagal Theory is one of the perspectives that help us understand people. Its detailed assumptions are the subject of scientific debate, so it is worth exploring with curiosity and critical thinking.
It is the beginning of a path towards better understanding your nervous system, emotions, and relationships.